ABSTRACT
Objective To finding out the characters of vascular remolding after the establishment of native arteriovenous fistula on the wrist,and exploring the influential factors.Methods Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor the diameter of cephalic vein,brachial artery,radial artery and ulnar artery at the time before the surgery and one day,one week,two weeks,four weeks and eight weeks after the surgery respectively.The tendency of the diameter change was analyzed.Results Twenty eight patients completed the whole monitor session,in which eleven were female.The average age of those patients was (53.68 ± 2.61) years old.Twelve of them were diabetic nephropathy.The diameters of all vessel were increased more rapidly at the first day than any other days after surgery(all P ＜ 0.01).The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether diabetic nephropathy.No significant difference was found between the two groups on the tendency of diameter change in cephalic vein and brachial artery (all P ＞ 0.05).However,the tendency of diameter change in radial artery and ulnar artery was statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cephalic vein,brachial artery,radial artery and ulnar artery are all apparently dilated on the first day after the surgery.The vascular dilation and diameter increasing become much slower after the period,the diameter tend to be stable.The primary diseases may affect the tendency of the diameter change in radial artery as well as ulnar artery.
ABSTRACT
objective To observe the effects of megsin gene transfection on glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB),phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(pERK1/2),transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and type Ⅳ collagen under high concentration of glucose,and to investigate the impact of megsin gene transfection on the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)siginal pathway. Methods Cultured mesangial cells were divided into seven groups:low glucose group (group A,5.5 mmol/L),high glucose group(group B,30 mmol/L),high glucose plus empty vector group (group C), high glucose plus megsin expression plasmid group (group D), high glucose plus megsin expression plasmids plus U0126 group (group E), high glucose plus megsin siRNA expression plasmids group (group F) and low glucose plus mannitol (24.5 mmol/L,group G). The expressions of megsin, PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGF-β1, as well as type Ⅳ collagen in GMCs of each group were detected by Western blotting, after being cultured for 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. The concentration of type Ⅳ collagen in cell supernatant was measured by radioimmunochemistry. Results Compared with group A, the expression of megsin was increased in GMCs under high glucose medium, with an increase of PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGF-β1 in GMCs and type Ⅳ collagen in the supernatants (P＜0.05, respectively). The expression of above indices was in time-dependant manner. The over expression of megsin in exposure to high up-regulated the expression of PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGF-β1 and type Ⅳ collagen(P＜0.05, respectively). Compared with group D, the application of U0126 (pERK1/2 inhibitor) had no significant effect on the expression of megsin and PDGF-BB(P＞0.05, respectively). However, the expression of pERK 1/2,TGF-β1 and type Ⅳ collagen were obviously decreased (P＜0.05, respectively). Dowa-regulated expression of megsin by siRNA transfection decreased the expression of PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGFβ1 and type Ⅳ collagen(all P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of megsin and PDGF-BB in GMCs with transfected megsin gene in high glucose medium is increased, possibly in a way of activating ERK signal pathway to some extent that boosts both the expression of TGF-β1 and the production of type Ⅳ collagen. The transfection of megsin siRNA inhibits the expression of obove indices, which probably contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy.